Prep and Year 1 Developmental Characteristics of Learners |
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Spiritual developmental characteristics of learners. |
· Imitate the religious gestures and behaviours of others without comprehending any meaning or significance to the activities
· Parental attitudes towards moral codes and religious beliefs convey to children what they consider to be good and bad
· Assimilate some of the values and beliefs of their parents
· Follow parental beliefs as part of their daily lives |
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Moral developmental characteristics of learners. |
· Level 1: Preconventional Level –Self Focused Morality (up to age 9): |
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Stage 1: individual obeys rules in order to avoid punishment |
Stage 2: individual conforms to society’s rules in order to receive rewards |
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3-6 Years
· Protects self and stands up for his/her rights
· Is concerned with what behaviour works to bring about reward or punishment
· Still needs outside controls as his/her conscience relatively unformed. |
4-7 Years
· In moral-ethical realm, the child is not able to show principles underlying best behaviour
· Rules of a game not developed, only uses simple do’s and don’ts imposed by authority |
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Physical developmental characteristics of learners. |
· Enjoy long periods of free play
· Developing eye-hand coordination
· Enjoy small group cooperative games
· May require rest after high energy play
· Improved body coordination; yet still can fall easily |
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Social Emotional developmental characteristics of learners. |
· Eager to receive adult praise
· Enjoy dramatic play
· Eager to engage in new activities/adventures lead by involved adult
· Eager to identify with older children
· Enjoy exploring new materials and equipment
· Can be easily frightened by novel or strange events
· Prefer play in small groups
· Like responsibilities they can handle
· Learning to cooperate with others, but may at times display selfish behaviour |
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Cognitive developmental characteristics of learners. |
· Understand language better than they speak
· Are interested in present; vague concepts of past/future
· Eager to learn, ask many questions, define things by their use
· Developing a sense of humour
· Communicate best within a small group of peers
· May need assistance of adult when starting a new task |
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Year 2 & Year 3 Developmental Characteristics of Learners |
Spiritual developmental characteristics of learners. |
· Spiritual development parallels cognitive development and is closely related to children’s experience and social interaction
· Most have a strong interest in religion during the school age years
· The existence of duty is accepted and petitions to an almighty being are important and expected to be answered
· Good behaviour is rewarded, and bad behaviour is punished
· Developing a conscience for thoughts and matters |
Moral developmental characteristics of learners. |
· Level 1: Preconventional Level –Self Focused Morality (up to age 9):
o Stage 1: individual obeys rules in order to avoid punishment
o Stage 2: individual conforms to society’s rules in order to receive rewards |
4-7 Years
· In moral-ethical realm, the child is not able to show principles underlying best behaviour
· Rules of a game not developed, only uses simple do’s and don’ts imposed by authority |
Physical developmental characteristics of learners. |
· Enthusiastic about games
· Experiencing improvement in both gross motor and fine motor skills
· Possess a high activity level
· Practice to master variations of movement for physical activities
· Enjoy games that allow for comparison of skills
· Enjoy games that allow for self-improvement |
Social Emotional developmental characteristics of learners. |
· Have a strong drive toward independence
· Develop a strong sense of loyalty to friends
· Need to belong to a group
· Play with and are friends with same-sex peers
· Like to take on responsibility
· Live in a world of games, rituals and humour inhabited only be children
· Like to have a best friend
· Have a rigid sense of right and wrong
· Need help accepting peers who are different or left out of a group |
Cognitive developmental characteristics of learners. |
· Like to talk; use language to express feelings/tell stories
· Developing a sense of time
· Enjoy collecting things
· Enjoy problem solving games like treasure hunts
· Can plan and carry out projects with adult support
· Becoming more self-directed in activities
· Better able to understand and appreciate difference of opinion |
Year 4 – Year 6 Developmental Characteristics of Learners |
Spiritual developmental characteristics of learners. |
· Spiritual development parallels cognitive development and is closely related to children’s experience and social interaction
· Most have a strong interest in religion during the school age years
· The existence of duty is accepted and petitions to an almighty being are important and expected to be answered
· Good behaviour is rewarded, and bad behaviour is punished
· Developing a conscience for thoughts and matters
· Are able to articulate their faith; may even question its validity |
Moral developmental characteristics of learners. |
· Conventional Level –Other Focused Morality (9 years - adolescence)
o Stage 3:
§ individual behaves morally in order to gain approval from other people
§ Children begin to understand what is expected of them by their parents, teacher, etc.
§ Morality is seen as achieving these expectations.
o Stage 4:
§ Conformity to authority to avoid censure and guilt
§ Fulfilling obligations as well as following expectations are seen as moral law for children at this stage |
Physical developmental characteristics of learners. |
· Maybe careless about their clothes, room and body cleanliness
· Girls may have sudden growth spurt and beginning sign of puberty
· Enjoy physical activities that master specific skills’
· Enjoy competitive games
· Possess a high activity level
· Enjoy games that allow for comparison of skills
· Enjoy games that allow for self-improvement |
Social Emotional developmental characteristics of learners. |
· Enjoy small, peer dominated group discussions’
· Like to join organised groups
· Are anxious to grow up
· Are intensely loyal to their peer group
· Form a close one-on-one friendship
· Have a growing desire to assert individuality and independence
· Can be daring and competitive’
· Can be critical of peers and adults’
· Are self-conscious of their abilities |
Cognitive developmental characteristics of learners. |
· Ask many questions and want thoughtful answers
· Can often understand other points of view
· Developing strong interests, hobbies and collections e
· Engage in daydreaming
· Enjoy problem solving games and puzzles etc.
· Enjoy rule based games
· Are beginning to develop view about social/global issues
· Beginning to enjoy humour by telling jokes and understanding sarcasm |
References |
Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development :
McLeod,S.A. (2011). Kohlberg – Moral Development. Retrieved from http://www.simplypsychology.org/Kohlberg.html
Spiritual Development http://www.scribd.com/doc3808591/Spiritual-Development
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